The Cost of Higher Eduction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cost of Higher Eduction - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that the cost of the higher education in America has been escalating, and many people are wondering how they will have education for their children. The higher education in U.S is an ultimate optional stage of the formal learning after the secondary education. The educational institutions include the colleges, universities that are both private and public. The cost of higher education is known to be relatively cheaper for the public institutions compared to the private ones. The cost of the higher education has skyrocketed making the college and university education unaffordable. The level of unemployment has also been increasing, and the employed people are not getting any increment of their salaries, but the college tuition fee has been increasing in the public colleges. The cost of the education services from college tuition could be solely attributed to the fault of the institutions of higher learning with the administration being accus ed of the bloat compared to the reduced governmental funding. However, the facilities of higher education have tried to keep the expenditures and the tuition down. Many institutions do not try to inflate the costs of the education deliberately. When the ultimate projection is made the today's cost of the higher education may seem cheaper compared to the future costs. Still, the costs are rising at alarming rates that are faster than the inflation.

Video game aggression Essay Example for Free

Video game aggression Essay As technology continues to forge ahead concerns about its effects on the populace are raised. Whether it be microwave ovens causing cancer or cell phones causing accidents, people are always interested in researching, and often condemning, these new products. Such is this case with videogames. Ever since PongO swept the nation, scholars have been researching videogames effects on children. The most popular aspect of videogame research is whether or not games increase aggression. A video game is any console or PC based interactive game, aggression is any thoughts or behaviors related with the intention to cause harm. Contrary to popular belief, there is no reliable correlation between videogames and aggression. Claims are the backbone to a study; they are both the starting point and the goal. Cooper and Mackie (1986) sought to discover if a highly violent game would affect 4th and 5th grade kids differently than a nonviolent game or a paper-and-pencil game. Tamborini et all (2000) predicted that aggressive thoughts and behaviors would be highest amongst those playing a violent virtual reality game followed by those playing a violent standard game, followed by those playing a nonviolent standard game. Derek (1995) was interested in what effect, if any, playing violent games would have on aggressiveness in different personality types. Ballard and Weist (1996) researched whether the level of violence in a game would affect peoples responses on a hostility questionnaire. Sherry (2000) performed a meta-analysis on 25 video game/aggression studies; he wanted to see if there was any credence to the claims. All five studies are very similar in their intent. They mostly focus on whether the level of immersion (via different hardware, violent content, and/or graphics) affects the level of aggression. To understand a study one must understand the definitions used within that study. All five studies use the same general definition of a videogame that the general public uses; an interactive game played on a television or monitor whereby onscreen objects can be manipulated through the use of a controller. Violent video games are those that involve death and destruction to things resembling reality and/or fantasy. Definitions of aggression, however, differ. Cooper and Mackie (1986) used a childs toy selection and distribution of reward/punishment as an indicator of aggression. Tamborini et all (2000) consider aggression to be hostile thoughts. Derek (1995) defines aggression as a mindset that includes seven subcategories (the Buss-Durkee Inventory): assault, irritability, indirect hostility, negativism, resentment, suspicion, and verbal hostility. Ballard and Weist (1996) use the word hostility instead of aggression. In this case it refers to thoughts of defensiveness, dominance, aggression, self-confidence, nurturance, and autonomy. Sherry (2000) just says, ?and some form of aggressiveness as the dependent variable. The Cooper and Mackie study and the Sherry study are the only two that incorporate behavior in their definition of aggressiveness. All of the others deal only with thoughts, but are quite similar in their intent. The real make-or-break portion of research is the method in which you seek and categorize the data. Cooper and Mackie (1986) took 84 4th and 5th graders from New Jersey. They had equal numbers of boys and girls separated into three groups. One group played the violent game Missile Commander (a cheesy game where you shoot lasers at little dots representing bombs falling on a city), another played Pac Man (which we all know and love), and the control group solved mazes with pencil and paper. After 8 minutes of game play the kids were told to select a toy to play with while the researcher did some work (the researcher was actually observing how long the child play with each toy. They could select a Shogun warrior (a violent toy), Nerf basketball (an active toy), Lincoln Logs (a quiet game), or pop-up pinball (a skill game). Which toy the child selected acted as an indicator of mindset. After the play session the children were told to hold down a button to indicate the length of a time a child should be punished for various acts of insubordination. They were then told to hold down a button for the length of time a child should be rewarded for various good deeds. Tamborini et all (2000) enlisted 92 MSU undergrads in the Communications department. The predominantly female assemblage was split into three groups. Before playing any games they filled out a self-report questionnaire concerning aggressive tendencies. The first group got to play Duke Nukem 3D on a virtual reality system (Duke Nukem is a modern first-person shooter where you run around blasting aliens; virtual reality systems incorporate a headset and gloves to more fully immerse the player), the second group played Duke Nukem 3D on a regular computer, and the third group played Cool Boarder (a realistic snowboarding game) on a regular PC. Participants got to play for ten minutes then filled out a thought list coded for types and frequency of hostile thoughts. They also filled out an evaluation of the research assistant they dealt with, this was meant to be another measure of aggressiveness. Derek (1995) enlisted 117 students from Strathclyde University (60% women). Participants were split into three groups. The non-aggressive game group played Tetris (a real-time strategy game), the moderately aggressive game group played Overkill (a typical space-blasters game which no one has heard of), the aggressive game group played Fatal Fury (a martial arts fighting game with high levels of trauma and gore). Players were given a personality test before and after game play under the guise that the study was concerned with hand-eye coordination as it relates to personality. Ballard and Weist (1996) took 30 male undergraduates from Appalachian State University. The guys were split into two groups. Group one played Corner Pocket (a billiards game with virtually no action) while group two played Mortal Kombat (an extremely popular fighting game), which was set at either high violence mode or low violence mode. The subjects played for 10 minutes before filling out a hostility questionnaire. Sherry (2000) drank hundreds of cups of coffee and alienated his wife and kids while pouring over insane amounts of research. There were 32 studies available to him, 7 of which he had to throw out for various reasons. Of the remaining 25 he carefully looked for validity problems while synthesizing them into the definitive meta-analysis on this topic. As with all things capitalist and otherwise, its all about the bottom line, lets see what they found. Cooper and Mackie (1986) found that, overall, the kids played with the skilled toy and quiet toy (118 sec. and 134 sec. respectively) more than the active toy or aggressive toy (89 sec. and 59 sec. ). After exposure to the aggressive game the kids played with the aggressive toy more than the kids in the other two conditions combined (82 sec. compared to 46 sec. for the other two groups). Amount of time pressing the reward/punishment buzzers was not correlated with the game played. Tamborini et all (2000) found a significant effect for media environment on hostile thoughts, F (3,91)=7.21, p*. 01, eta=. 20. Contrary to expectations, a higher number of hostil thoughts was found among those who played the game on a PC, not those who played Virtual Reality. They did find that those playing violent games had higher hostility ratings than those whom played nonviolent games, but the highest hostility was found among those who observed the violent games. Derek (1995) used a one-way ANOVA test and found no significant differences between overall changes in aggressiveness and type of game played. Pearsons correlation coefficients also failed to show a significant relationship between type of game played and change in level of aggression. Ballard and Weist (1996) used a one-way MANOVA test and found a significant relationship between levels of hostility and type of game. Hostility scores were higher after playing high-gore Mortal Kombat than they were after playing low-gore Mortal Kombat. Both were significantly high than those who played the billiards game. Sherry (2000) used the Pearson R on each of the 25 studies individually, he then subtracted out the variance due to sampling error. This resulted in a large standard deviation in the weighted effect size, suggesting extraneous variables at work. He also performed a Fisher Zr test, and was unable to reject the null hypothesis. In the words of Austin Powers, whoopdy-doo, what does it all mean There are many factors that cloud the issue, but overall it seems that the evidence is not very convincing. In the Cooper and Mackie study (1986) the higher levels of play time with the aggressive toy was accounted for almost entirely by the female participants. One theory is that playing the aggressive video game empowered the girls (whom are normally shunned from doing aggressive things) to broaden their aggressive horizons; at the least it calls into question issues of generality. The age of this study is also a factor, Sherry (2000) points out that there is a trend for older video game studies to have greater effect sizes. An issue with all of the studies was the short amount of time participants played the games. Sherry (2000) found that playing time was a negative predictor of effect size. It seems that there is an initial spike in aggression that goes away after longer exposure. Tamborini et alls (2000) findings are odd due to the fact that the observers reported the highest hostility. This could indicate that seeing violence on screen-not necessarily controlling it- leads to higher aggression. The most convincing evidence of all is the meta-analysis (Sherry, 2000). His exhaustive study was unable to produce resounding results, indicating that the positive findings in some of the studies could be anomalous. This lack of evidence would leave one to believe that the status quo is acceptable. Game content can be found through the rating system, but any other measures would be burdensome and unnecessary. So, until more convincing data comes along we can rest assured that any rage is the result of good old American anger, not blasting on-screen boogie men. Bibliography Works Cited Ballard, M. E. , Wiest, J. R. (1996). Mortal Kombat: The Effects of Violent Videogame Play on Males Hostility and Cardiovascular Responding. Journal of Applied Psychology, 26, 717-730. Cooper, J. , Mackie, D. (1986). Video Games and Aggression in Children. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 726-744. Derek, S. (1995). The Effect of Video Games on Feelings of Hostility. The Journal of Psychology, 129, 121-130. Sherry, J. L. (2000). The Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression: A Meta-Analysis. Human Communication Research*. Tamborini, R. , Eastin, M. , Lachlan, K. , Fediuk, T. , Brady, R. , Skalski, P. (2000). Virtual Violence. 86th Annual Convention of the National Communication Association.

The Dramatic Tension Creations Of Shakesphere English Literature Essay

The Dramatic Tension Creations Of Shakesphere English Literature Essay Macbeth is a drama of great tragedy. Written by William Shakespeare in the Elizabethan era, the themes of the play relate to many instances of todays society, including: ambition, fate, deception and treachery. The play begins with three supernatural characters, known as the Witches, who confront the tragic hero Macbeth on his victorious return from the war between Scotland and Norway, alongside him is General Banquo. In the meeting between Macbeth and the Witches, they predict that Macbeth will become King, although never actually, stating the path he must undertake and how these events will occur (Act 1, scene 3). As the scene has been set for the play, the plot continues towards the dramatisation of how Macbeth will achieve this great power to Kill King Duncan of Scotland. Assisted by his wife Lady Macbeth, who plans the fine details of the murder with him, the act is carried out whilst the King is guest of the two characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Shakespeare wrote the play, in order for the audience to never see the murder, but succumb to the tension that is created by the reactions of the two characters after the deed has been committed. We read that Macbeth is panicked and afraid of the consequences, while Lady Macbeth remains calm, helping Macbeth to smear blood on the daggers onto the sleeping guards, which earlier she drugged, having physical proof that the murder was conducted by them (Act 2, scene 2). Quoted from the scene Whence is that knocking? How ist with me, when every noise appals me? Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?(1,2, 58-61), is eviden ce of this behaviour by the character Macbeth. After the murder, King Duncans sons, Malcolm and Donalbain flee from Scotland and Macbeth becomes King. As the play continues, it becomes more dark, sinister and psychological, with Lady Macbeth succumbing to madness, then suicide. Macbeth kills Banquo to stop his sons from becoming King, which was part of the original prophecy by the three Witches, and eventually Macbeth is killed by Macduff, who becomes King of Scotland in Macbeths place. Shakespeares Macbeth Throughout the play, Shakespeare manages to create dramatic tension from the very beginning, right up to the murder of King Duncan, and thereafter to the downfall of Macbeth. Shakespeare gradually builds up the tension in each scene and releases it at different stages, until finally the act of the murder takes place. The four main themes which are outlined in the play become apparent from the beginning, things arent what they seem, ambition, power and superstition. His use of dramatic irony, the supernatural and indecision by the leading characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, all combine to keep the audience on the edge of their seats throughout. Shakespeares talent was the ability to present a story with creative dramatisation of imagery and imagination. He knew how to entertain the audience with fast-paced plots, creative imagery and dramatic characters. Shakespeare uses several instances of irony in Macbeth to give the play more depth, continuation of the dramatisation and to also allow the audience to foreshadow events to come, without the characters knowing the actions theyll take and the consequences. A good example of dramatic irony is when Macbeth plans Duncans murder, along with Lady Macbeth, while still remaining loyal to the King.   This is dramatic irony, while Duncan isnt aware of Macbeths plans, while the audience does. A further example of dramatic irony is posed in act one, scene five, Macbeth says My dearest love, Duncan comes here tonight, with Lady Macbeths reply And, when goes hence?, Macbeth says To-morrow, as he purposes, with Lady Macbeths final reply O, never shall the morrow see (1,5, 57-60). Implying in this scene, that Macbeth will soon undertake the task of committing the murder. Shakespeare uses a simile within the scene to portray Macbeth to act as an innocent flower when King Duncan arrives, but underneath act as a serpent to achieve your ambition to become King of Scotland look like an innocent flower, but be the serpent undert. (1,5, 64-65). We will proceed no further in this business. (1,7, 31) Showing doubts that Macbeth doesnt want to go through with the act and still Macbeth continues to question the consequences later in scene 7, If we should fail? Lady Macbeth responds, We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking place, and well not fail. (1,7, 58-59). The Witches Throughout the play, the theme of the supernatural plays a major role. Shakespeare opens the play with a short opening , long enough to awaken the audiences curiosity, with three supernatural beings on a dark mysterious heath (Act 1, scene 1). The mood of the play is set, although the action and the introduction of the leading characters dont start until the next scene. Introducing the supernatural power of witchcraft into the play associates the drama with the dark arts, treachery and unnatural disturbances. Shakespeare uses powerful imagery to portray the witches as grossly unnatural in appearance (Act 1, scene 3), inflicting unnatural storms and disruption onto the world. The opening scene is particularly important in establishing the mood and atmosphere of the play for the audience. The weather portrays darkness, using a Pathetic fallacy, the supernatural environment of the heath, with severe weather of thunder and lighting, proclaimed by Macbeth So foul a day I have not seen. (1,3,38), the prophecy is presented to Macbeth and Banquo. The Witches use a rhyming technique throughout their speeches, referring to incantations of magical charms, another trait of the supernatural. Every detail of the scene opens the audiences imagination and portrays from the outset the common themes of human values, a world of darkness, sinister behaviour and treachery by the leading characters. The Witches are introduced by Shakespeare as three women in evil apparel, using dramatic imagery, who told Macbeth and his companion Banquo, of the prophecies that would be acted out in the play. The Witches set the tone of the play and foreshadow the plot of the story at the very beginning (fair and foul) right and wrong. The opening scene foreshadows a tragedy, which the story is based upon. Within Act 1 scene 3, the witches are characterised as being unnatural and non-human looking and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so. (1,3,45) and Banquo questions the witches Are ye fantastical? (1,3,53) and being of devil What, can the devil speak true? (1,3,108). Referring once again back to the supernatural theme and beings of darkness. Ambition and the plays main characters As a character Macbeth is the tragic hero of the play. Portrayed as a hero at the beginning of the play, helping to defeat the Norwegians and given the title the Thane of Cawdor by King Duncan, the plot of the play starts to unfold and Macbeth believes in the prophecy the witches set out (Act 1, scene 2). Macbeth is only given a new title as previously the Thane of Cawdor was killed due to committing treason. We discover Macbeths character to be strong willed, ambitious and greedy. Throughout the play the character changes and develops. In the beginning he is portrayed as a loyal soldier, willing to fight for his King, and country and as the play progresses he grows to become more ambitious to fulfil his destiny. However, Macbeth later in the play the character develops guilt for his crimes. With King Duncan travelling to Macbeths castle, in a soliloquy Macbeth urges darkness to cover the deed that he plans to commit Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires (1,4,50). Here Shakespeare completes the scene uses a Rhyming Couplet to portray the importance at the end and signify how Macbeth will commit the murder of King Duncan. The witches prophecy (Act 1, scene 3,line 48) 1st Witch All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis! 2nd Witch All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! 3rd Witch All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter The prophecy proclaims the theme of ambition for the rest of the play, which is outlined by a metaphor in Banquos speech If you can look into the seeds of time, and say which grain will grow and which will not. (1,3,58). Macbeth does try to question the Witches about their speech, however they fail to answer the questions and vanish from the scene, as Shakespeare uses dramatic imagery and conjures supernatural beings once more, Banquo says The earth hath bubbles, as the water has, and these are of them: whither they are vanished? (1,3,79). Both Macbeth and Banquo doubt the prophecy and feel following it will lead to the devil and dramatic consequences in the end, things arent always as they seem! Ambition to achieve kingship is through murder, which the play foreshadows as the destiny and Macbeth as the tragic hero. Lady Macbeth is first introduced in act 1 scene 5, first appearing as a ruthless, committed woman to strive for greater glory of her husband, Macbeth. The sudden arrival of the messenger after Lady Macbeth has read the letter from Macbeth in this scene, gives an excellent dramatic stroke for the play. This allows Lady Macbeth to think that the prophecy can be fulfilled this very night and satisfy her thirst for power. Upon the Kings arrival, Duncan is treated as an honorary guest of the house, whilst Macbeth and Lady Macbeth appear to be the perfect hosts, whilst all the while the audience know how the night will plan out for the characters and the foreshadow of King Duncans demise. Lady Macbeths passionate ambition and the drive of her husband, leads to the downfall of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth herself is characterised as very ambitious, but yet fears her husbands weaker nature Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be what thou art promised: yet do I fear thy nature. (1,5,14). Lady Macbeth is the driving force throughout and controls all Macbeths fears, to eventually commit him to the deed of murder. Shakespeare cunningly uses the image of a Raven in this scene, which in ancient times was associated with the coming of death, and with this use of symbolism the audience continue to see what will happen in the play. In the play Lady Macbeth in her actions asks for the help of darkness and the supernatural for her and Macbeth to conduct the act of killing the King to fulfil the prophecy, she is determined throughout to push her husband to his greatest ambition and gain power for herself, Come, thick night. And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell. (1,5,49) Lady Macbeth has a stronger personality than her husband, having to convince Macbeth to fulfil the deed, she is very faithful towards him and wants to achieve the great honour that could be bestowed upon them, if they commit treason and kill King Duncan. Within act 2 scene 2 Lady Macbeths character shows a cruel and disrespectful side towards the Kings servants and again her ambition comes to life, she says, Give me the daggers.   The sleeping and the dead are but pictures. (2,2,51)   The tension increases dramatically when we see Lady Macbeth pacing about in a nervous but excited state, awaiting Macbeths return increases the tension dramatically. We see a gentler side to Lady Macbeth. She says that she would have killed Duncan herself, but the old man looked too much like her father Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet. (2,2,12). This statement relays the consequences of the actions that will take place later in the play. With Macbeth coming forward in the play with the Witches prophecy, Lady Macbeths character was the most ambitious to see it through to the end. Having to deal with her husbands weaknesses, not wanting to carry through the act of murder, the character concocting a plan in the end was successful. Although you can see how Shakespeare shows the characters in the lead up to the murder, with dramatic irony at a key point in the play when King Duncan arrives at Macbeths castle to visit his loyal soldier and celebrate victory on the battle field against the Norwegians. The irony here is pointed out that only the audience, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth know is the King will never leave and see another day of sun. After the deed of high treason is committed, Macbeths character is hysterical and extreme tension is obvious. Dramatic Imagery comes true from the characters soliloquy and we see the bloody daggers in Macbeths hands and both characters fear discovery. Macbeth was misled by the witches and by Lady Macbeths sway of passionate arguments drawn to the events in the play, without these elements his ambition to become King could have been suppressed and only imagined by the character. Macbeths Soliloquy (Act 1, scene 7 and Act 2 scene 1) Shakespeare uses two key soliloquys to portray the inner thoughts of the character Macbeth, writing in a poetic theme using rhyming language. Often the passage refers to strong use of imagery towards the themes of blood, the supernatural, darkness and death. Both passages shows how the character is feeling at this point, with doubts and guilt of the consequences prior to committing the murder of King Duncan. In Macbeths first soliloquy, the character questions what he is about to do and doubt is cast in his mind and questions the consequences, for Macbeth knows he will pay for the deed here on earth or in the afterlife. Macbeths speaks of Duncans kindness and generosity, but ambition is fraught within the soliloquy, realising that he will have to pay sooner or later but only vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself, and falls on th other. (1,7, 27), that high leaping ambition can often be ones downfall. In his second soliloquy (Act 2, scene 1) Macbeth allies himself with witchcraft, murder and secrecy, left on his own, the characters imagination runs wild. Macbeth is torn, but the soliloquy in the play is the characters final preparation for the act of murder Thou marshallst me the way that I was going, and such an instrument I was to use! (2,1, 42). The main source of tension is of course Macbeths vision of the dagger, one sense is registering a dagger and the others arent Is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come let me clutch thee. (2,1, 33-34). This is not made real to the audience and we are as bewildered by this dagger of the mind as Macbeth is. Using dramatic imagery, the dagger begins to bleed and the audience shares Macbeths fear and trepidation of what is to come, referring to witchcraft once more as it celebrates. Then we are disturbed by his final rhyming couplet which highlights Macbeths fatal decision, as he heads for Duncans bedroom stealthily. Conclusion Macbeth is a masterpiece by Shakespeare, showing how power, greed and ambition can change a character at a given point of opportunity, but questions what are the consequences of these actions that is analysed in the play, given that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both succumb to the guilt of the deeds committed. The play from the outset was controlled by the power of fate and the supernatural. However, we have to question what would have happened if Macbeth had followed a different path, after all he was related to the King and in line to royal succession? The main question to answer is, would Macbeth have actually committed the Murder if the prophecy was never told or if Lady Macbeth was not so hungry for power?

Market Pricing Essay -- essays research papers fc

Executive Summary Price is said to be the biggest factor in the marketing mix. If the price is not right, then the product will not sell. Consumers feel that they have to get something back, such as an intrinsic value from the products. Pricing is affixed with many different variables such as the flexibility of price, geographic term, discounts and price levels over the product cycle. A marketing manager must also consider what type of pricing objective to use. For this paper, I have made myself the new marketing manager of Foster Farms Poultry Products. Body The objective that I feel is best for this company is profit-orientated. This is because I believe we have established our name in the community and the state. People recognize us as the leader in poultry production. Since the company has remained profitable since the beginning, we strongly believe that all we should focus on now is maintaining the return on our investment. We shall also adhere to the flexible price policy. I say this because the more a store buys, the more they save. If a store buys large quantities, then discounts can be given and this will also increase sales in the store because the stores can charge a bit less for the product. It’s up to the store on how much to markup the poultry. They can charge a dollar a pound or fifty cents per pound. You will also notice that many stores offer the chicken at lower prices when its expiration date is near. This is due to the nature of the product being peri...

Stp for Megaman

STP for Megaman Segmentation Megaman uses Marco-segmentation to choose its target segment. Business organizations with the scale of small to big are all belonged to this segment (from under 200 to above 200). In this segment the business organizations will all have a high usage rate on Megaman’s product, the product categories are Lighting products and solutions. Megaman also uses Micro-segmentation to well define its target segment. Some of the organizations will only require a lighting system, while some of the organizations demand individual lighting consultation.The organizations require consultations will have a much more closer relationship with Megaman while Megaman will gain more profit from providing an extended service. Megaman’s product are both foundation and facilitating goods. As a bisuness product, Megaman’s serve the purpose as in ‘use’ and ‘consumption’. Targeting Megaman targeted the business organizations to be its ide al customers. Since the customers are business organizations, they will share the key criteria of being price-sensitive; quality-focus and also logistics efficiency.In another words, they are very high demanding. The target customers will be ‘optimizers’, they will compare all proposals before making the decisions. The organizations demand Megaman’s product to be cheap; reliable; low switching cost (high compatibility). Megaman is confident in satisfying their customers, so they mainly focus on encounter in new task or for modified rebuy. Positioning Megaman positioned itself as being the market leader. It continues to invent innovative products, just like Dyson.Unlike the major competitor, Philips, Megaman had taken one step further on CSR, Megaman’s product are all eco-friendly as Megaman emphasis a lot of its product being sustainable. Philips also provide excellent lighting solution for various organizations but Megaman had managed to do the same thing but also being eco-friendly at the same time. Megaman also positioned itself of being high quality. Promotion There are different channels for Megaman to promote its products, such as Tradeshow, Advertisement and various distribution channels.Megaman had participated in various trade shows, both in Hong Kong and overseas. As from the information shown in TDC’s website, Megaman had participated in the HK international Lighting Fair for the last five years. Megaman tries to attract both local and foreign customers through the tradeshow in HK. Megaman is highly involved in this tradeshow, as Fred Bass, the managing director of Neonlite ( Parent company of Megaman) and Megaman HK’s management team attended the tradeshow for the publicity event.Megaman has not drawn much attention outside those standard tradeshows, same with its major competitor in HK, the Philips Lighting. It is belief that because both of them are already the market leader in HK, no more further marketin g strategies needed to be apply in order to fight for market share. What Megaman should do is to consider sponsoring some other tradeshow, as being a good chance to encounter more business partners. When Megaman first enter HK’s consumer market, it used humor approach to promote that Megaman’s product can create funny yet positive value.Megaman focus on TV commercial, it hired Daniel Wu as the main character to addressing the function of Megaman’s product is very effective on specific functions. For recent commercials, Megaman focus on the practical use of its products, such as using it’s LED light bulb could make specific products to look better. The latest TVC, Megaman failed to draw audiences’ attention by being so dull and boring. If Megaman want to continue its TVC commercial, they must need to another approach rather than read out the specifications of the products.

Lab essays

Lab essays The purpose of this experiment was to understand how water is purified and the process that it goes thru. To find out how water is purified you will need 100 ml of foul water and you also need a funnel to set on the clay triangle support that goes the ring of the stand. You will also need a rubber tube that will connect to the funnel, and you must pinch it with your fingers to keep the water from flowing thru. Before you pour the water in the funnel you must stir it. Exactly at the moment you stop stirring it you will pour half of the water into the funnel, and tap the funnel so that the layers may separate. Once the layers have separated unpinch the lightly and let about half of the water flow into a clean beaker and label it beaker 1. Then you grab another clean beaker and drain the rest of the water into it and label it beaker 2. Pinch the tube and repeat the same steps again with the rest of the foul water and make observations and record it into your data table. Now you need to get a plastic cup and make holes on the bottom and put layers of gravel and sand in the cup. Set this cup on top of a clean beaker and pour the water from beaker 1 into the plastic cup and let the water filter. You can now get rid of the sand and gravel but whatever you do dont dump it down your sink and make observations and record the data from the purified water. You will now need some filter paper and fold it as instructed to fit in the funnel and this will act as a filter. Place the triangle thing on the on the ring of the holder and put the filter in the funnel. Put a clean beaker under the funnel and the funnel must be about 2-3 cm over the beaker. Put a teaspoon of charcoal in the purified water and pour the water into a 125 ml or a 250 ml Flask. Swirl the mixture for several seconds and pour it into the filter. Pour your water into a cylinder and make your observations and record your data. ...

Understanding Participial Phrases

Understanding Participial Phrases A participial phrase or clause is a wonderful tool for writers because it gives color and action to a sentence. By employing verbals- words derived from a verb- along with other grammatical elements, an author can craft clauses that function as an adjective, modifying nouns and pronouns. The participial phrase contains a participle and the other words in the phrase that modify the noun or pronoun. They cant stand alone as complete sentences. Present or Past Participial phrases or clauses consist of a present participle  (a verbal ending in ing) or past participle (a verbal ending in en ed,  d, t, n, or ne), plus modifiers, objects, and complements. A participle may  be followed by  an  adverb, a  prepositional phrase, an  adverb clause, or any combination of these.  They are set off by commas and function the same way adjectives do in a sentence. Past-participial phrase:  Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was driven by a steam engine.Present-participial phrase:  Working before unfriendly crowds, the referee has orders to exude poise under the most trying circumstances. Here, for example, the participial phrase consists of a present participle (holding), an object (the flashlight), and an adverb (steadily): Holding the flashlight steadily,  Jenny approached the strange creature. In the next sentence, the participial phrase includes a present participle (making), an object (a great ring), and a prepositional phrase (of white light): Jenny waved the flashlight over her head,  making a great ring of white light. Placement and Punctuation Participial phrases can appear in one of three places within a sentence, but  be careful not to risk awkwardness or confusion by placing it too far from the word it modifies. For example, a participial phrase that indicates a cause usually precedes the  main clause and sometimes follows the  subject, but only rarely appears at the end of the sentence. No matter where they are, they always modify a subject. Correctly punctuating a sentence that contains such a clause depends on where it is placed in reference to the subject. Before the main  clause, the participial phrase is followed by a comma: Speeding down the highway, Bob didnt notice the police car. After the main clause, it is preceded by a comma: The gamblers silently arranged their cards, losing themselves in thought. In mid-sentence position, it is set off by commas before and after: The real estate agent, thinking of her profit potential, decided not to buy the property. In each sentence below, the participial phrase clearly modifies the subject (my sister) and suggests a cause: Discouraged by the long hours and low pay, my sister finally quit her job.My sister,  discouraged by the long hours and low pay, finally quit her job. But consider what happens when the participial phrase moves to the end of the sentence: My sister finally quit her job,  discouraged by the long hours and low pay. Here the logical order of cause-effect is reversed, and as a result, the sentence may be less effective than the first two versions. While the sentence absolutely works grammatically, some may misread that the job is feeling discouraged, instead of the sister. Dangling Participial Phrases Although participial phrases can be an effective tool, beware. A misplaced or dangling participial phrase can cause embarrassing errors. The easiest way to tell whether a phrase is being used correctly is to look at the subject it is modifying. Does the relationship make sense? Dangling phrase: Reaching for a glass, the cold soda called my name.Corrected phrase: Reaching for a glass, I could hear the cold soda calling my name. The first example is illogical; a bottle of soda cant reach for a glass- but a person can pick up that glass and fill it. Be careful when combining sentences and converting one to a participial phrase to keep the subject of the sentence that goes with the adjectival phrase. For instance, you wouldnt want the following sentences: I curled my toes and squinted.The doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. to turn into: Curling my toes and squinting, the doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. Here the participial phrase refers to  the doctor  when it should refer to  I- a pronoun thats not in the sentence. This kind of problem is called a  dangling modifier, dangling participle, or misplaced modifier. We can correct this dangling modifier either by adding  I  to the sentence or by replacing the participial phrase with an  adverb clause: Curling my toes and squinting,  I waited for the doctor to puncture my arm with a needle.As I curled my toes and squinted, the doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. Gerunds vs. Participles A gerund is a verbal that also ends in ing, just like participles in the present tense. You can tell them apart by looking at how they function within a sentence.  A gerund functions as a  noun, while a  present participle functions as an adjective. Gerund:  Laughing  is good for you.Present participle: The laughing woman clapped her hands with joy. Gerund Clauses vs. Participial Phrases Confusing gerunds or participles can be easy because both can also form clauses. The simplest way to differentiate the two is to use the word it in place of the verbal. If the sentence still makes grammatical sense, youve got a gerund clause: If not, its a participial phrase. Gerund phrase: Playing golf relaxes Shelly.Participial phrase: Waiting for takeoff, the pilot radioed the control tower.

Social and Political Themes in the Movie Milk Essays

Social and Political Themes in the Movie Milk Essays Social and Political Themes in the Movie Milk Paper Social and Political Themes in the Movie Milk Paper Extra Credit Assignment MILK 1. What are the main themes, politically and socially, that are portrayed in the film? Milk is a biographical film based on the triumphs and struggles of Harvey Milk. He was a gay rights activist and the first openly gay elected official in California. Socially, the film addresses the discrimination homosexuals faced on a daily basis. â€Å"(T)he normal majority†, as labeled by Anita Bryant, inflicted prejudice upon the homosexual minority. â€Å"The Castro†, the name of a street in an area often inhabited by homosexual bars and such places, portrays the clan like social groupings. The entire neighborhood however was not friendly. A fellow merchant on Castro Street refused to allow Milk to join the Merchant’s Association and even threatened to call the police and have his business license revoked on no legal grounds. Homosexuals were often portrayed as social deviants and often faced severe police brutality. The film addresses many political issues, as it is centered on the gay rights movement. Milk faces multiple loses at the voting polls before making it as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. The quote, â€Å"I am not a candidate, I am part of a movement. The movement is the candidate†, Milk said and that resonated with me. In the face of defeat he often said that its not only about winning, it’s about making a statement and getting the attention needed for change. Milk just wanted fair and equal representation, he didn’t necessarily have to be the one to be in office. 2. Discuss the overall significance of the events portrayed in the film and how they relate to changes in American society. In the film, Harvey Milk stated, â€Å"almost everything was done with an eye on the gay movement†. He compared it to the civil rights movement of the African Americans. He said that they had a leader and a successful movement and it was time for homosexuals to have the same. Like other civil rights movements, the gay rights movement created legal and social reform. It brought awareness to inequality among equal beings. Milk also stated that he didn’t want to limit himself to gay rights. He also wanted to include blacks, Asians, and the disabled in a human rights movement. 3. Choose 2 scenes from the film and discuss what is important about them. I was very bothered by the comments Anita Bryant made during a televised speech that was shown in the film. She was an orange juice sales woman who was working to repeal laws that protect homosexual human rights; specifically in employment and housing. She described homosexuality as â€Å"tearing down the foundation of the family unit† and compared gays to prostitutes and thieves. She tried to convince the public that the traditional family was being threatened and that practicing or accepting homosexuality was blasphemy. Although the scenes of Harvey Milk recording his voice were split up throughout the film, I felt it to be the most powerful. Not only does he address the substantial probability of being assassinated, he does so calmly and courageously. He stated that, â€Å"a gay activist is the target for someone who is insecure†. As he did throughout his encounters with all kinds of people, he also stated that he often broke the tension when giving a speech to mostly straight men by telling a joke. Milk accomplished a lot for the gay rights movement, one that is still fighting today, and he did so with integrity, hard work, and sporadic humor. 4. What did you like best/ and or least about the film? What I liked best about the film was Milk’s personal character. He was stubborn and kind at the same time. He also exudes his kindness in both his personal relationships and political affairs. His angry and determined moments on the campaign were balanced out by his romanticism in his personal life. 5. What did you learn that you did not previously know about the time period of the film? I was shocked to learn of the police brutality during this time period. In the very beginning of the film, as the credits are running, newspaper headlines are shown in the background. The articles were about people being arrested for absurd charges. For example, a bartender was arrested for serving alcohol to homosexuals.

About digital marketing but the title is not set yet Thesis

About digital marketing but the title is not set yet - Thesis Example It has come with its advantages for businesses that can adapt early. Firms which could not cope with the changing rules of the digital world would necessarily tend to lose their competitiveness. Digital Marketing is a constantly developing area with a need for Digital Marketing Strategies. Established organizations have their conventional marketing plans and strategies which comprise the status quo, but the attention of a large segment of target audiences have gravitated towards digital mediums such as the web, mobile and digitally social world which connects both. In a high speed changing area, developing strategies is not easy. Day by day new advertisement and sales channels emerge and ongoing marketing strategies may not adapt to the new technologies, mediums and behaviors. The strategies to be set must be flexible to enable any new developments, and the new mediums and technologies must be adapted to the current strategies. As a result of the inflexible marketing strategies which refuse to accommodate the changing mediums and technologies, new companies emerge daily that can better compete with the established traditional firms. The dissertation will address the problem of the integration of digital marketing strategies in the overall marketing strategy of business organizations and the difficulties attendant thereto. The need for integrating digital technology into marketing processes is in response to new customer demand patterns that are influenced by the new media. (2) Describe the hard elements (structure, strategy and systems) which retail businesses with digital marketing needed to adopt in developing their respective digital marketing capability. Describe the processes required to adapt the business to its new capability. (3) Describe the soft elements (staff, style and skills) which retail businesses with digital marketing needed to adopt in developing their

Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance - Assignment Example One should consider the following primary risk of buying stock on margin; enlarged losses due to amplified leverage. This happens when one experience a loss. He is accountable for repaying the money rented plus the interest on top of the loss when there is increased leverage. The second risk is maintenance call. It requires maintaining of a smallest amount equality level in the form of cash. When sustenance condition fails, a preservation call will be issued that requires one to sell securities, put down cash, among others, until the account meet the minimum equity requirement (Zweig, 2012). The necessities for the early acquiring of securities using rented assets are characteristically higher than the maintenance necessities. Apart from fed calls, one should also consider forced bankruptcy and finally the margin interest which one is required for repaying the interest on his/her margin loan regardless of any changes in interest that occurred during the time you loan was outstanding. They include; liquidity ratios. This type of ration is used to measure the ability of cash to pay debt. Activity ratios, measures the firm’s ability to repay long–term debt. Productivity ratios measures the firm’s usage of its benefit and control of its expenses to make a satisfactory rate of return and finally market ratios, which measures inventors’ reply to possessing a firm’s stock and also the price of issuing stock. These are also concerned with the return on investment for shareholders and with relationship between return and the worth of an investment in the company’s shares (Zweig, 2012). The difference is that the company using debts as leverage will prosper faster than an individual using margin in that, the company will enjoy the appreciation of the assets over time than an individual who borrows money to cover the risks. The other difference is that debts as leverage is used in mainly investment, but the margin is mainly applied to cover

Indigenous Education in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Indigenous Education in Australia - Essay Example 1993). As an effect of broad community conversation and research, the Northern Territory Correctional Services (NTCS) in Australia documented that the wants of together the illegal and the community could be the majority outstanding addressed during an integrated approach to meddling and training delivery. Furthermore, during ending offending our message was the resultant proposal and it was officially launched in September 1999 (Heath, A.F. and Ridge, J. 2003, 169-84). This project focuses on as long as skills that are the majority suitable to the location and lifestyle of the person. The policy requires an ongoing dialogue among the program facilitator, training supplier, the member and his or her home community. No doubt, such education provides a focus for interference that range from matter abuse to community preservation. There are no additional education based institutions that provide the framework for training delivery, community involvement and participation (Harkness, S. 2005, 1 -36). Comparable training programs delivered within the custodial context are characterized by compartmentalization and limited opportunities for evolution. This program is designed to accommodate the changing needs of individual participants as well as the needs and expectations of the community. Sales of artwork and music generate an income that is given to the Victims of Crime Assistance League in line with the agency commitment to provide reparation (Daly, P. 2004). extra than 250 male as well as female inmates in Darwin in addition to Alice Springs correctional centers at present are concerned in this program, on behalf of 25 percent of the total prison inhabitants in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. Moreover, participants are creating stories, paintings, songs and music CDs that speak to alcohol and drug use and criminal. This product is marketplace via the Web site. The content of much of the music and artwork reflects the choices made by offenders prior to imprisonment, the effect of their crimes on victims and the realities of prison life. all through this "world first" proposal, participants undertake countrywide attributed Vocational Education plus Training (VET) in areas such as literacy, music and art manufacturing skills, computing, woodwork and trades (Heath, A.F. and McMahon, D. 2005). Participants are enrolled in countrywide accredited modules and units from the subsequent courses: arts and crafts, entry-level music manufac turing skills, general building, broad education, preliminary vocational education, and access to employment and additional study, and national workplace skills (Cheng, Y. and Heath, A.F. 2003 , 151-66). Foremost factors linked with offending and recidivism in the NT are limited employment prospects, low education levels and unsafe levels of drug use. Collaboration among the Prisoner Education Unit and the Alcohol and Other Drugs Unit ensures that the interference addresses offending behavior and, at the similar time, delivers exact VET learning result and competencies. Alcohol-related offenses account for approximately 70 percent of all

Understanding Job Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding Job Analysis - Research Paper Example Understanding Job Analysis On the other hand, jobs are grouped according to specific categories such as skill requirement, products and services offered, matching credentials, among other data that makes sense. Some users are on the purpose of identifying the jobs that fall under a specific description, and the other three search tools enable O*NET to accommodate this need. One search field centers on job classes, the other on job specification and description, and the last on specialized skills that do not belong to any of the first two groupings. Those are shown alphabetically for fast tracking, with their degree of relevance shown alongside. When the term â€Å"health information management supervisor† was keyed in the quick search box, the job title that appeared to be most relevant was Medical and Health Services Manager followed by Medical Records and Information Technician. The top answers did not seem to exactly associate with the occupation searched for, although these were indeed the most rele vant compared to the others in the list which were mostly educator and counselor positions that should be involved in providing information—not managing it. Nevertheless, O*NET Online offers users a bird’s eye view of what a job entails. The main tasks are specified, including the tools, technology, and talent obligatory in its performance. In this case, applicants will have a clear picture of what is in store for them upon employment and know beforehand whether they are qualified for the job. While users will be content at knowing the job responsibilities and basic qualifications, O*NET Online is packed with information that answers almost any question that you can think of about a particular job. Question 2: What did you think of the occupations O*NET suggested as matching your skills? Was the occupation you are in or preparing among those listed? As previously mentioned, O*NET Online features different sets of search menus. Users can select from among the list of oc cupational category and information, and all jobs with specific relevance will be displayed in alphabetical order. Should users opt to search jobs by skills required, they can use the Advanced Search menu and highlight skills. One good thing about O*NET Online is that there is no way users will misconstrue any of the terms used. For example, the term â€Å"basic skills† is not only presented a connotation, but is also detailed out. The said term can easily be distinguished as fundamental proficiencies that all individuals must possess in order to be deemed as ready to hold a job, but then the website does not seem to allow any sort of misinterpretations; thus laying out its exact specifications. In addition, the level of requirement of each skill is provided, so users can instantly determine how much of a certain skill is required for the position searched for. When resource management skill was picked, and under that, management of material resources was highlighted, the tit le Medical and Health Services Manager was among the jobs that appeared as relevant. Majority of those jobs were at the managerial or supervisory level. But because the job searched for involves management of information which should be held as a material resource, it was expected that the level of relevance would be as much as 80% or higher; but it turned out to be only 50%. Although the site gives comprehensive information about a

Human resources management Staffing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human resources management Staffing - Essay Example tional materials and evaluation framework has been a hindrance in the achievement of success but with proper knowledge and practice, success is guaranteed. In talent management, various aspects of business and employer interaction are considered. The entire management is specifically divided into four parts namely entry, retention, development, and performance. Entry mainly streamlines recruitment, selection, orientation, and placement to ensure that the best candidates are incorporated in the business and their potentials well tapped. Once the new employees are recruited, employee retention through the company culture and congruity in values between the company and the employees is necessary to ensure that the best environment is maintained translating to improved performance1. As an organization, our employees and we definitely have our goals. We usually strive very much in realizing them. Thus, in talent management, personal and organization development is realized by dividing the competencies into knowledge, skills, behavior, and attitude after which each employee is considered individual. In ensuring that the employees understand their roles, they should be clearly outlined. Positive reinforcement and feedback is necessary to ensure performance is improved. Moreover, there are persons whose performance is favored by the organization structure and culture. As a result, use of such personnel in acculturization is very effective. Who does not require success in whatever he is involved? Thus, implementation of talent management will ensure that success is achieved in this organization. It is true that weaknesses in talent management may appear due to an innovation or technological advancement. Other hindrance in achieving success includes systems and resources. In the recent past, various transformations have been done to ensure that seal talent gaps that may be evident in an organization. When sufficient funds are offered to talent management, then, leader

Mass Communication Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mass Communication Theory - Essay Example The prime requirement of any news story to make it a news story is that is should be accurate and contain facts or ideas that are interesting to a considerable number of recipients. Everyday a news editor and publisher receives a number of different information pieces that fit the criteria of being new but not every news is publishable, therefore there are certain elements that a news piece must have to get the place in the paper or on airtime (Bonnie Anderson, 2004).  Of the most fundamental criteria, that every news article has to meet to acquire a place in the mass media is its timeliness. Although the factor of is not always essential but hot burning news is always eagerly awaited than then the old and stale news and becomes a good news piece easily passing the selection table. Timeliness or temporality of the news or the current news is the very essence of the news media. The importance of this peculiar feature of news cannot be over-emphasized. Proximity also plays its role i n making the news piece get pass the selection process because it greatly increases the importance for the audience. Sometimes novelty and uniqueness of the event also adds importance to the news that makes it qualify the news selection process. Man is always curious to know the things that he does not know before and therefore always tries not let go of an opportunity to satiate certain aspects of his curiosity. Another important element that plays an important role in the selection.... Everyday a news editor and publisher receives a number of different information pieces that fit the criteria of being new but not every news is publishable, therefore there are certain elements that a news piece must have to get the place in the paper or on airtime (Bonnie Anderson, 2004). Of the most fundamental criteria, that every news article has to meet to acquire a place in the mass media is its timeliness. Although the factor of is not always essential but hot burning news is always eagerly awaited than then the old and stale news and becomes a good news piece easily passing the selection table. Timeliness or temporality of the news or the current news is the very essence of the news media. The importance of this peculiar feature of news cannot be over-emphasized. Proximity also plays its role in making the news piece get pass the selection process because it greatly increases the importance for the audience. Sometimes novelty and uniqueness of the event also adds importance t o the news that makes it qualify the news selection process. Man is always curious to know the things that he does not know before and therefore always tries not let go of an opportunity to satiate certain aspects of his curiosity. Another important element that plays an important role in the selection of the news event is the size of the event. A small training plane accident with no human casualty may be news but not as important as a crash of a 747 with over 400 passengers and huge death toll. There is no way such news will not be able to get a place in the news media. The importance of the news is also determined by the policy of the newspaper or news-channel. An economic analysis of the current national affairs done by the economic news

Understanding Job Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding Job Analysis - Research Paper Example Understanding Job Analysis On the other hand, jobs are grouped according to specific categories such as skill requirement, products and services offered, matching credentials, among other data that makes sense. Some users are on the purpose of identifying the jobs that fall under a specific description, and the other three search tools enable O*NET to accommodate this need. One search field centers on job classes, the other on job specification and description, and the last on specialized skills that do not belong to any of the first two groupings. Those are shown alphabetically for fast tracking, with their degree of relevance shown alongside. When the term â€Å"health information management supervisor† was keyed in the quick search box, the job title that appeared to be most relevant was Medical and Health Services Manager followed by Medical Records and Information Technician. The top answers did not seem to exactly associate with the occupation searched for, although these were indeed the most rele vant compared to the others in the list which were mostly educator and counselor positions that should be involved in providing information—not managing it. Nevertheless, O*NET Online offers users a bird’s eye view of what a job entails. The main tasks are specified, including the tools, technology, and talent obligatory in its performance. In this case, applicants will have a clear picture of what is in store for them upon employment and know beforehand whether they are qualified for the job. While users will be content at knowing the job responsibilities and basic qualifications, O*NET Online is packed with information that answers almost any question that you can think of about a particular job. Question 2: What did you think of the occupations O*NET suggested as matching your skills? Was the occupation you are in or preparing among those listed? As previously mentioned, O*NET Online features different sets of search menus. Users can select from among the list of oc cupational category and information, and all jobs with specific relevance will be displayed in alphabetical order. Should users opt to search jobs by skills required, they can use the Advanced Search menu and highlight skills. One good thing about O*NET Online is that there is no way users will misconstrue any of the terms used. For example, the term â€Å"basic skills† is not only presented a connotation, but is also detailed out. The said term can easily be distinguished as fundamental proficiencies that all individuals must possess in order to be deemed as ready to hold a job, but then the website does not seem to allow any sort of misinterpretations; thus laying out its exact specifications. In addition, the level of requirement of each skill is provided, so users can instantly determine how much of a certain skill is required for the position searched for. When resource management skill was picked, and under that, management of material resources was highlighted, the tit le Medical and Health Services Manager was among the jobs that appeared as relevant. Majority of those jobs were at the managerial or supervisory level. But because the job searched for involves management of information which should be held as a material resource, it was expected that the level of relevance would be as much as 80% or higher; but it turned out to be only 50%. Although the site gives comprehensive information about a

Mass Communication Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mass Communication Theory - Essay Example The prime requirement of any news story to make it a news story is that is should be accurate and contain facts or ideas that are interesting to a considerable number of recipients. Everyday a news editor and publisher receives a number of different information pieces that fit the criteria of being new but not every news is publishable, therefore there are certain elements that a news piece must have to get the place in the paper or on airtime (Bonnie Anderson, 2004).  Of the most fundamental criteria, that every news article has to meet to acquire a place in the mass media is its timeliness. Although the factor of is not always essential but hot burning news is always eagerly awaited than then the old and stale news and becomes a good news piece easily passing the selection table. Timeliness or temporality of the news or the current news is the very essence of the news media. The importance of this peculiar feature of news cannot be over-emphasized. Proximity also plays its role i n making the news piece get pass the selection process because it greatly increases the importance for the audience. Sometimes novelty and uniqueness of the event also adds importance to the news that makes it qualify the news selection process. Man is always curious to know the things that he does not know before and therefore always tries not let go of an opportunity to satiate certain aspects of his curiosity. Another important element that plays an important role in the selection.... Everyday a news editor and publisher receives a number of different information pieces that fit the criteria of being new but not every news is publishable, therefore there are certain elements that a news piece must have to get the place in the paper or on airtime (Bonnie Anderson, 2004). Of the most fundamental criteria, that every news article has to meet to acquire a place in the mass media is its timeliness. Although the factor of is not always essential but hot burning news is always eagerly awaited than then the old and stale news and becomes a good news piece easily passing the selection table. Timeliness or temporality of the news or the current news is the very essence of the news media. The importance of this peculiar feature of news cannot be over-emphasized. Proximity also plays its role in making the news piece get pass the selection process because it greatly increases the importance for the audience. Sometimes novelty and uniqueness of the event also adds importance t o the news that makes it qualify the news selection process. Man is always curious to know the things that he does not know before and therefore always tries not let go of an opportunity to satiate certain aspects of his curiosity. Another important element that plays an important role in the selection of the news event is the size of the event. A small training plane accident with no human casualty may be news but not as important as a crash of a 747 with over 400 passengers and huge death toll. There is no way such news will not be able to get a place in the news media. The importance of the news is also determined by the policy of the newspaper or news-channel. An economic analysis of the current national affairs done by the economic news

Individual Behavior Essay Example for Free

Individual Behavior Essay Individual behavior differs from person to person and most differences are based on the background of the individual. Some elements that can affect ones background to influence their individual behavior can include religion, age, occupation, values and attitude differences, gender, and even ethnicity. These individual behaviors can cause people to act differently to situations and can create friction or even chemistry in the work place. The age of a person can be a large factor in the way they behave. There are studies that prove maturity can come at different ages but in most cases maturity is something that is learned and grown into. Age in a work place can work against someone or for them. A young age can be a downfall if there is lack of maturity and experience and old age can be a downfall due to lack of energy or knowledge of new technologies. With that being said I think that it is important that age should not be the deciding factor as to how someone will act. There are many young people who have the maturity to carry many responsibilities and show good individual behavior. Some older individuals have adapted their behavior to fit more suitable into the technologies that have developed over the past few years. More and more people are on Facebook (www. facebook. com) than ever, and it is common to see individuals of all ages on the popular website. You can also find with age individuals depending on their age will have their priorities in different orders. The occupation of a person can also attribute to their individual behavior. For example say there is an individual who works in the public eye like a Senator or Congressman, they are going to be more careful for the things that they say and do because they will not wish the media to catch wind and bring them in a negative media down pour about the situation. When you work in the lime light you have to be cautious about your wording and your actions. There are many occupations that are not in the public eye that also has to think about their individual behavior and make sure that they set a good example because of their occupation. Take a teacher for example it is very important that they do not act in an bad individual behavior because it can have an affect on their job. For instant it would be bad to post pictures of yourself drunk to a popular social networking sight if you are a teacher because you are to be a role model and that is individual behavior that you should not wish your students to witness. Many professionals will maintain their professional behavior when they are dealing with their work and with their lives. Professional behavior usually consists of being calm and thinking your actions and words through before acting upon them. Many professionals also like to make educated guesses instead of sporadic leaps into new things. Many individuals will learn their professionalism from their occupation and it is something that they can carry over into their individual behavior. Religion is a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of life and the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a supernatural agency,[1] or human beings’ relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, spiritual, or divine. [2] Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature (www. wikipedia. com). That definition alone can should one how religion could influence someone’s individual behavior. Unlike the other elements religion is something, for the most part, that can be chosen by the individual. A person can be brought up with religious beliefs, can adapt to the beliefs, and can even change their religious beliefs. A religion can have strict guidelines as to how their followers should behave some may even have diets or wardrobe requirements that can affect their individual behavior. Values can run hand in hand with religion on some basis. Many religions have a foundation on values and morals that their followers should abide by. When a situation occurs and a decision needs to be made you can understand a lot about a person by their individual behavior. It is usually the person’s values or morals that help them make the decision on what action to take when the situation presented itself. Attitudes about differences can affect ones individual behavior. Someone who is high strung can tend to have a little more dramatic attitudes about differences opposed to a laidback individual who has a peaceful nature and can tend to look at differences with a positive. When attitudes turn negative ones individual behavior can become defenseful, frightful, or even protective. In conclusion there are many parts that tie together to create an individual behavior and those behaviors can be influenced by many different elements. Although many individuals can have common elements in their background it is hard to find an individual behavior that is the exact same. Individual behavior can show a lot about the way a person was brought up, their beliefs, age, and even gender. It can show their religious beliefs or just their attitude but it is certain that one’s individual behavior is something that the individual chooses for their self. It is a way they like to act regarding to a situation.

Future Strategic Direction Challenges Health And Social Care Essay

Future Strategic Direction Challenges Health And Social Care Essay There are a number of challenges surrounding and defining the future strategic direction of health care. They are; information technology advancements, proposed health care reform and legislation, economics; including third party payers and maintaining a skilled workforceand pay for performance are just a few of the current challenges in health care that will still have a significant effect on the strategic direction of the future.This paper will highlight the above referenced challenges and attempt to explain how organizations may adapt its direction and strategies accordingly. Healthcare reform is stated that it will make health care more affordable, make health insurers more accountable, expand health coverage to all Americans, and make the health system sustainable, stabilizing family budgets, the Federal budget, and the economy. There are two main purposes for the Health Care reform. The first is toput American families and small business owners in control of their own health care. Second it bridges the gap between the House and Senate bills,including new provisions to crack down on waste, fraud and abuse. The new law could be considered a massive failure because it is not designed to meet the three most important goals:Health insurance for all Americans,reduced insurance cost for individuals, businesses and government and increased quality of care. Newt Gingrich, former US House Speaker said the new healthcare law is socialized medicine and must be repealed. He called the legislation a back door road to socialized medicine that puts America at the edge of a possible catastrophic failure. (Lazarus, 2012) The U.S. has the most expensive health care in the world and the growth of health care prices grows more rapidly, but it still leaves the number of uninsured on the rise. Since early in the 20th century, health insurance coverage has been an important issue in the United States. The people who are uninsured or under-insured, have a higher mortality rate than those who have coverage.The Medicaid and Medicare programs have grown substantially; federal and state spending for them soon will be unable to keep pace with the demand for services.Medicare is a valuable source of health insurance for nearly 45 million Americans, mainly seniors ages 65 and older, but also 7 million younger adults with permanent disabilities.(Kaiser Family foundation, 2012) Medicare is a popular program, but faces a number of issues and challenges in the years to come. A critical challenge is how to finance care forfuture generations without unduly burdening beneficiaries, taxpayers, or the general economy. Another pressing issue relates to the role of private plans in Medicare, in light of rapid enrollment growth in recent years, and concerns about the current payment system for private plans. A third issue is the relatively new Medicare prescription drug benefit and how to address concerns about its current structure and further limit the burden of prescription drug spending. Lastly, there is the challenge of how to make health and long-term care more affordable for beneficiaries in light of rising health costs. (Kaiser Family foundation, 2012) Access to Health Care for the uninsured and poverty levels through trying to cut costs, have encouraged the shifting of Medicaid and Medicare beneficiaries to managed care. Medicaid provides health care to low income families with few resources. There are more requirements for Medicaid such as age, disability status and pregnancy status. The states provide Medicaid services to people who receive federal income assistance.Some 48 million people, or one in every seven people in the US, are now enrolled in the health care program for the poor(Randall, 2010). The spike comes as the recession has wiped out millions of jobs, and more people have lost their employer-sponsored health care coverage. US states are also forecasting a 6 percent increase in Medicaid enrollment over the next year, which will place increased strain on state budgets already reeling under the weight of the weak economy. (Randall, 2010) Pay-for-performance is a term that is used in describing health care payment system, which rewards hospitals, healthcare providers and doctors for their efficiency in a predetermined set of quality measures and performances. The adaptation of Pay-for-performance is important because in the current health care system the care providers are paid for each service that they perform that meets or exceeds the criteria set. Pay-for-performance offers health care providers financial incentives to performing more services.Hospitals need to work together with insurers, physicians, nurses, businesses, employers and individuals for better, safer and more affordable health care. Rewarding doctors, hospitals and others who deliver high-quality care can encourage accountability for patient care, offer incentives to coordinate care delivery and lead to better health care processes. One of the most common types of quality improvement programs is the pay-for-performance programs. This program links payment to specific steps taken or results achieved in care. According to a survey of health care purchasers, government agencies and health plans, at least half of evaluated pay-for-performance programs have significantly improved clinical performance. (Gillette, 2008) Managers in companies and different organizations use pay-for-performance in hopes to attract and motivate their employees. They expect performance standards will outweigh the costs of whatever incentives they put in place. The future of health care record keeping is in electronic medical records (EMR); computerized patient orders and electronic health records (HMR). However, the real recipients of the information technology advancements of automated patient records are the patients. Organizations are increasingly becoming global in their operations. Technology has made it easy to transcend geographical barriers to collaborate within the health care industry even if you are thousands of miles apart. With the advancement of technology it allows health care providers to access information about previous care, medications, prescriptions, lab results, or clinical guidelines which could support more productive discussions about current medical issues. The provider-patient relationship is one of our most valued and important connection, Technology can be used to enhance communication, increase compliance, limit no-shows, and improve treatment outcomes. Health information is among the most frequently sought search categories on the World wide-web, and consumers have been increasingly empowered to participate actively in both treatment and preventions. (Shortlife, 2005)In order for health ITs to deliver on its promise, several obstacles must be overcome. First, health IT systems must be able to speak the same language; in computer terms, they must be interoperable. These systems must also be linked in some way. Another issue is whether patient privacy might be jeopardized by health IT systems. We all know that technology isnt cheap, so who pays for these advancements? Currently, providers are expected to bear most of the initial costs, while most of the savings accrue to others. For example, hospitals often spend tens of millions of dollars on CPOE systems, providing benefits for other stakeholders-insurers, purchasers and patients. One majorstudy found that it would cost more than $150 billion over five years to develop a nationally interoperable system, including equipping physicians with standardized IT systems. (Kaushal, 2005) Retaining a skilled workforce in health care is important to adding certainty in the deliverance of quality patient care. Physicians as well as the staff of health care organizations need to be trained continually and educated frequently to stay up-to-date with health care technology. Health care workers need be ready for the future direction of the geriatric population. As the baby boomers over 65 increases, more health care work force needs training in geriatric care. A strategic direction for health care is training in the health care sectors is training for health care jobs that require certain competencies. Caring for the needs of the elderly population and the skills to work with them is in high demand. Skilled health care workers have an understanding of chronic and terminal conditions and have valuable experience in different settings. Health care workers need skills in how to converse in geriatric and hospice care settings in order to achieve successful patient transition (G entiva Health Services, 2011). By building on established public-private partnerships, hospitals, government, educational institutions, businesses and community groups can all work together to meet our future health care needs.The Government will build on the reforms it is already delivering with further investment in new health workforce training and support measures.Maintaining a skilled workforce is a challenge in health care, and is important to the future direction of health care. This does not just refer to physicians, but front-end staff and more. Health care organization can adapt its direction and strategies accordingly by keeping their workforce resources and competencies updated with continuous training applicable in technique and in technology. Most health care providers and their organizations study strategic planning approaches and concepts that will lead to success and improvement in the health care sector. While an ongoing process, strategic adaptation can be greatly accelerated by a relatively dramatic and visible change or set of changes in the environment. Organizations which do not adapt their strategies and restructure accordingly in anticipation or in response to these changes may jeopardize performance. (Zinn, Mor, Feng, Intrator, 2007) Strategic direction of an organization should be the guiding force and framework in which they operate. There will always be changes made in every aspect of health care. There will be improvements in technology, financial support, advancements of medicine, and overall care of patients will continue to grow. Nobody can say for sure what will happen to our health care system or what changes will be effective. Organizations need to continue to communicate and have a willingness to adjust to changes within the organization and also make room for the needed improvements.

Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th :: English Literature

Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th Century, William Golding chose to express his anti-Utopian views about humanity in Lord of the Flies (1954). Explore how Golding crafts his narrative in order to voice his philosophical views about man's essential illness. To what extent do you agree with his views? Golding's dystopian views of 'man's essential illness' are derived from his experience of 20th Century warfare. 'Lord of the Flies' is a fable in which Golding displays man's flaws inside a microcosm. This didactical work shows us that we have far to go, but there is hope. I will study his novel to discover his views, and will decide if I concur with them. Golding was born in Cornwall in 1911, and brought up in Wiltshire. His father was a teacher and a socialist and his mother actively supported the campaign for votes for women, so from an early age he was aware of social and political systems and their influence on people. During the Second World War, Golding joined the Royal Navy and took part in the sinking of the Bismarck and the Normandy landings on D-Day. His experience of the war had a profound effect on his view of the world. He learnt how brutal people can be. Although he was appalled by the evils of Nazism and the Third Reich, he said in an interview in 1963 that everyone was capable of inhumanity, not just the German or the Japanese. He saw Nazism as an evil system, and so horrifying that it could not be explained through reason alone. Later on he looked for an explanation in the nature of human beings, in their capacity for brutality and inhumanity. He read adventure stories such as 'The Coral Island', (1858), to his children, and wondered what would really happen to children stranded on a desert island. He took the idea of an innocent experience on an island and saw it in relation to the experience of Nazism and World War Two. In 'Lord of the Flies' Golding refers twice to R.M Ballantyne's 'The Coral Island'. The writer deliberately wrote 'The Lord of the Flies' in direct contest with the 'The Coral Island'. This is known because of an unpublished letter Golding wrote to his wife: 'Wouldn't it be a good idea to write a book about real boys on an island, showing what a mess they'd make?' Golding then went ahead and wrote the book to turn Ballantyne's simplistic assumptions and optimistic hopes on its head. Golding is even bold enough to use identical names as Ballantyne's for his main characters: Jack and Ralph in both books are protagonists, and are Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th :: English Literature Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th Century, William Golding chose to express his anti-Utopian views about humanity in Lord of the Flies (1954). Explore how Golding crafts his narrative in order to voice his philosophical views about man's essential illness. To what extent do you agree with his views? Golding's dystopian views of 'man's essential illness' are derived from his experience of 20th Century warfare. 'Lord of the Flies' is a fable in which Golding displays man's flaws inside a microcosm. This didactical work shows us that we have far to go, but there is hope. I will study his novel to discover his views, and will decide if I concur with them. Golding was born in Cornwall in 1911, and brought up in Wiltshire. His father was a teacher and a socialist and his mother actively supported the campaign for votes for women, so from an early age he was aware of social and political systems and their influence on people. During the Second World War, Golding joined the Royal Navy and took part in the sinking of the Bismarck and the Normandy landings on D-Day. His experience of the war had a profound effect on his view of the world. He learnt how brutal people can be. Although he was appalled by the evils of Nazism and the Third Reich, he said in an interview in 1963 that everyone was capable of inhumanity, not just the German or the Japanese. He saw Nazism as an evil system, and so horrifying that it could not be explained through reason alone. Later on he looked for an explanation in the nature of human beings, in their capacity for brutality and inhumanity. He read adventure stories such as 'The Coral Island', (1858), to his children, and wondered what would really happen to children stranded on a desert island. He took the idea of an innocent experience on an island and saw it in relation to the experience of Nazism and World War Two. In 'Lord of the Flies' Golding refers twice to R.M Ballantyne's 'The Coral Island'. The writer deliberately wrote 'The Lord of the Flies' in direct contest with the 'The Coral Island'. This is known because of an unpublished letter Golding wrote to his wife: 'Wouldn't it be a good idea to write a book about real boys on an island, showing what a mess they'd make?' Golding then went ahead and wrote the book to turn Ballantyne's simplistic assumptions and optimistic hopes on its head. Golding is even bold enough to use identical names as Ballantyne's for his main characters: Jack and Ralph in both books are protagonists, and are

Personal Narrative- Using Art to Escape Boredom Essay -- Personal Narr

Quite often different people I come across commend me on my creative ability to draw and paint. The observer's comments usually include the question "Where did you learn how to draw like that?" I normally tell them some generic answer like "a lot of practice, " but truthfully my response should be "in my miserably boring childhood." However I usually refrain from being that honest to either avoid a weird look or to avoid a lengthy explanation like the one that follows. Compared to some of the horrible stories of child abuse I've heard, my childhood was a Walt Disney fairytale, but in my own eyes I was an unhappy kid. I was born in 1972, which is the Chinese Year of the Rat (the rat's Chinese characteristic is to scavenge for survival, which is also a part of my personality). From old pictures, my fragmented memories, and tales told by my grandma Mildred, I was close to my parents during my first six or seven years, especially my dad. My dad, Richard, was employed straight out of college as an Aerospace engineer with the Logicon Corporation (where he still works to day). He married my mom, Loretta, (who also became an Aerospace engineer for Logicon) seven years before I was born. My parents fought almost every night as far back as I can remember, and I can still recall covering my ears with a pillow to escape their bickering. I've always sort of believed that it was my mom's fault, possibly because her voice was always the loudest screech I c ould hear. I know the blame should rest equally between them, but my mother was always so demanding and emotional while my dad was a quiet man who was able to control his anger unless really pushed. I think she was used to a lot of emotions in her past and would intentionall... ...e, I was already set into an isolated lifestyle. I could never get back to the family closeness I had felt as a small child, and since I never grew up with anyone I went to school with, I didn't have much in common with them. Out of my well-developed personality as a loner I became a talented (so I'm told) artist in an effort to self entertain and distract me from my lonely life. Although I never had any imaginary friends growing up, I did have an imaginary world, in which I built with Legos and drew with pictures. These imaginary worlds I escaped to from my boring (poor little rich girl) childhood, not only comforted me but allowed me to develop the creative skills necessary to be an artist. From some people's definition my childhood may not have come close to miserable, but to a sheltered twelve-year-old there is nothing more miserable than being bored and alone.

Indigenous peoples of the Americas

Reading assignments and class presentations and discussions are organized chronologically and by themes. The topics to be considered Include political history, economic and social developments, and labor gyrations. All reading assignments will be from the required texts and supplementary materials that will be distributed In class as handouts or posted on Blackboard. Learning Outcomes This course will provide students with a basic understanding of the history of the Caribbean, especially from the late nineteenth century to the present.Students will gather and assess differing Interpretations about significant events In Caribbean history, such as the demise of the Indigenous population, the Orleans of slavery, the Students will also have an opportunity to compare and contrast various Caribbean societies so as to appreciate the many aspects of their shared history, society and culture, as well as the ways in which these territories differ from each other, as well as from the United Sta tes. Students will evaluate evidence and arguments critically and produce well-reasoned written essays using evidence to support their conclusions. Course Requirements 1.Regular attendance is critical to being successful in this course. Any missed class will cause you to fall behind. More than four (4) absences will result in you failing the class. 2. Likewise, class participation is essential to your success in this course. Participation includes coming to class prepared by having read the assigned chapters and articles, and able to discuss them in class. 3. All deadlines for assignments must be met. 4. All exams must be taken on the day noted in the syllabus. 5. Textbooks and other require texts or reading materials are required for every class meeting, unless otherwise specified.GRADING Four (4) or more absences without Justification may become an F Grade at the discretion of the instructor. Letter grade Score 4. 0 3. 7 3. 3 3. 0 2. 7 2. 3 2. 0 1. 0 0. 0 Quality points 8+ c 93-10 0 90-92 87-89 83-86 80-82 77-79 0-76 Failure Your grade for this course will consist of six (6) components: 25% Attendance and Class Participation 35% Exams 15% Informal Written Assignments 15% Formal Written Assignment 10% Formal Writing: Information Essay and Powering Presentation CLASS ATTENDANCE not be able to attend a class, he/she should notify the instructor either by e-mail or by phone.You are required to be present, on time, and ready to participate. Your voice is crucial for the class to be a success. Absentee Policy: More than three (3) absences and/or any lateness will result in a loss of participation credit. Participation credit due to absence/lateness may only be made up through extra credit assignments at the professor's discretion. The following factors will result in a lower grade: Being unprepared Refusal to Participate Behavioral Problem Late Assignment CLASS ETIQUETTE All students are expected to arrive on time and refrain from any talking and eating during lect ures.Attendance will be taken the START of each class and only be taken once. Failure to be present during attendance will result in the mark of absent and WILL NOT BE CHANGED. Asking of questions and participation during discussions is tryingly encouraged. Please note that all electronic devices including cellular phones are prohibited during class at all times. This includes testing. No TEXT messaging during class. Failure to comply with these rules may result in as much as FIVE (5) points taken from that student's next exam, or assignment and/or expulsion from the classroom.A copy of CUNY policy on academic integrity will be made available on BLACKBOARD MAJOR ASSIGNMENTS Informal and Formal Writing Informal Writing Assignments The informal writing will consist of out of class assignments. These are â€Å"writing to learn† activities. They are based on the understanding that there is a close relationship between writing, thinking, and learning. The instructor will collect a nd review these assignments. In these informal assignments, students are encouraged to write in narrative form using complete sentences, correct grammar, and accurate so as to improve this skill.In addition, the aim of these activities is to help students clarify their thinking on the subjects and issues covered in the readings and class discussions. Daily Chapter Reviews: Write 1-2 paragraphs (paragraph: 8-10 sentences) Make sure that you note the following: Summarize the major arguments, concepts, ideas presented in the chapter Indicate what conclusion the author reaches Indicate details you found particularly interesting important controversial vague or obvious The purpose of this exercise is to practice writing on a regular basis so as to improve this skill.In addition, the purpose of this activity is to help students clarify their thinking on the subjects and issues covered in the readings and class sessions. Grades for Daily Chapter Reviews (5): Student should bring their type daily chapter review for each of the readings. If we cover the same reading a student only has to write about the chapter once. I will collect five (5) of the chapter reviews and drop the lowest grade. I will NOT indicate when I will collect the chapter reviews so students must be prepared to submit their chapter review at the end of every class.Formal Writing Formal Writing Assignment 1 : Compare and Contrast Essay Indigenous Peoples of the Caribbean: (3-5 pages) The Taints and Caries established complex social, political and economic systems prior to the conquest of the Americas. In this essay, students will compare and entrants the social, political and economic organization of the Taints and Caries before the arrival of Columbus. Students will also discuss the cultural and religious practices in both communities. Lastly, students will explain how both communities resisted Spanish colonization in the initial years of colonization.Formal Writing Writing Assignment 2: Research Pap er Rebellion and Resistance in the Caribbean: (3-5 pages) From the start of European colonization in the Americas, acts of rebellion and resistance against European conquest consisted of arm resistance, sabotage, subversion and the creation of maroon communities. The establishment of maroon communities threaded the continuity of European dominance and forged alternative social, political, economic, and cultural communities separate from official European colonial centers. In this essay, you will examine the emergence and trajectory of one eighteen-century or ninetieth maroon community.You should examine the following: Delineate the conditions that led to the emergence of the maroon community Identify the primary leaders of the maroon community community Analyze the successes, triumphs and decline of the maroon community Choose to write about of these maroon communities: ) Maroons of Hispanic: The Figure of Enrolling 2) Haitian Maroons: The Figure of Macdonald 3) Jamaican Eternally T own Maroon Formal Writing Assignment 3: Information Essay and Powering Presentation For this assignment, students will have an opportunity to analyze Caribbean Culture and Identity.Write an essay of between two and three pages (500-750 words) in which you explore Caribbean culture and identity of one Caribbean country. Discuss the emergence of â€Å"Creole† culture, impact of slavery and 19th century migration of various groups, and present-day construction of racial identity. You will also a ten- minute Powering presentation to present your findings with the class EXAMS Students will take two (2) exams throughout the semester worth 100 points each.These exams will require students to apply information from the textbook and the class lecture; and will include a combination of multiple-choice, fill-ins, and true-false questions. The dates for the tests are listed on the assignment schedule, but are subject to change due to pacing and/or extenuating circumstances that may arise . Any changes will be noted in class. If you're unsure of an upcoming test date, you would call my office or e-mail me as soon as possible. Your lowest exam grade will be dropped.